ArticleScientific reports2025
Resilience changes and occupational resilience factors among healthcare workers during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: A 2-year prospective cohort study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Occupational resilience: Scoping review of conceptualisations and applications in contexts of adversity.Australian occupational therapy journal · 2026Article
- Occupational Resilience (Part 2): Toward a Cross-culturally Relevant Measure of a Novel Construct.The human occupation & wellbeing journal · 2025Article
- Occupational Resilience (Part 1): Origins and Significance to Health and Well-being.The human occupation & wellbeing journal · 2025Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
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Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) in COVID-19 pandemic hotspots were exposed to heightened workplace stressor load. Structural occupational resilience factors could prevent work-related stressor exposure from translating into mental health problems but remain poorly understood. This study identifies resilience factors actionable at the workplace and examines the impact of prior stressor exposure early in the pandemic on the later development of depressive and general distress symptoms. We prospectively followed a convenience sample of HCWs working in Spain during the pandemic using a 3-wave online survey conducted in 2020 (wave 1, n = 2,422), 2021 (wave 2, n = 1,827), and 2022 (wave 3, n = 538). We operationalised resilience as low stressor reactivity (SR), quantified as individual deviations from the normative relation between stressors exposure and either depressive or distress symptoms. Mental health problems and stressor exposure both decreased over time, whereas stressor reactivity remained stable. Stressor exposure at baseline was inversely associated with resilience at follow-up. The structural occupational factors support from colleagues, trust in the workplace, and perceived ability to recover from stress were prospectively associated with resilience and thus identified as resilience factors. These results show that resilient responses of HCWs in times of crisis could be supported by promoting structural occupational resilience factors and mitigating cumulative stressor exposure. Future research should test this association in studies that allow causal inferences.
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