Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40784894›Full record

ArticleBMC medicine2025

Functional and internalizing disorders co-aggregate with cardiometabolic and immune-related diseases within families: a population-based cohort study.

Olivier D Steen, Martje Bos, Sonja L van Ockenburg, Yiling Zhou, Ilja M Nolte, Harold Snieder, Kenneth Kendler, Judith G M Rosmalen, Hanna M van Loo

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Olivier D SteenDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. o.d.steen@umcg.nl.
Martje BosDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Sonja L van OckenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Yiling ZhouDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Ilja M NolteDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Harold SniederDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Kenneth KendlerVirginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
Judith G M RosmalenDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Hanna M van LooDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

Funding

An Integrative Approach to the Etiology of Internalizing Disorders in the Lifelines CohortR01MH125902 · NIMH · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI KENNETH SEEDMAN KENDLER, Hanna van Loo · 2022 to 2026
$2.8M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH125902NIMH NIH HHS R01MH125902
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFunctional disorders share familial risk with internalizing disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder and depression, and are comorbid with cardiometabolic and immune-related diseases. We investigated whether functional and internalizing disorders co-aggregate with these diseases in families to gain insight into the aetiology of functional and internalizing disorders. 

methodsWe included 166,774 subjects (aged 3-94), from the population-based Lifelines Cohort Study, a Dutch general population cohort. We defined cases for three functional disorders (myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome; ME/CFS, fibromyalgia, and irritable bowel syndrome; IBS), two internalizing disorders (major depressive disorder; MDD and generalized anxiety disorder; GAD), cardiometabolic diseases (obesity, metabolic associated steatotic liver disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease) and immune-related diseases (composite measures of auto-immune disease and atopy). We used logistic regression to model the prevalence of these disorders in the general population and in participants with affected relatives. Using these prevalence estimates, we assessed familial co-aggregation with (1) recurrence risk ratios (λ

resultsAll functional and internalizing disorders co-aggregated with immune-related diseases (λ

conclusionsInternalizing and functional disorders share familial risk with immune-related and cardiometabolic diseases. This suggests that risk factors relevant to immune-related and cardiometabolic diseases may also be relevant for FDs. Future studies should investigate such risk factors to identify novel treatment targets.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesImmune System DiseasesMetabolic DiseasesAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesComorbidityFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNetherlandsAetiologyAtopyAutoimmuneCardiometabolicFamilial co-aggregationFibromyalgiaIrritable bowel syndromeMyalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

Identifiers

PMID40784894
PMCPMC12337435

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