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ArticleOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2025

Bone mineral density changes following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: insights from a case series analysis.

Vasiliki Siampanopoulou, Dimitrios C Ziogas, George Lyrarakis, Amalia Anastasopoulou, Eva Kassi, Helen Gogas, Anna Angelousi

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Article in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
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2citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Vasiliki SiampanopoulouEndocrinology Unit, First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Dimitrios C ZiogasOncology Unit, First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
George LyrarakisOncology Unit, First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Amalia AnastasopoulouOncology Unit, First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Eva KassiEndocrinology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Helen GogasOncology Unit, First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Anna AngelousiEndocrinology Unit, First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. a.angelousi@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0906-3617

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Brief rationale: The use of ICIs is increasing rapidly. Limited studies support potential effects on bone health. MAIN

resultOsteoporotic patients demonstrated a 6% and 17% reduction in femoral and lumbar spine BMD, respectively. Paper significance: This is a real-world data record of the effect of one-year ICI treatment on skeletal health. PURPOSE: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are used as a treatment for various malignancies, resulting in the occurrence of a plethora of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). An increasing interest has emerged on the possible effects of these drugs on the skeleton, predominantly osteoporotic fractures, although bone health studies are scarce.

methodsOur study analyzed retrospectively the percentage of the alteration of the bone mineral density (BMD) evaluated by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan in 15 oncological patients before and after the administration of ICIs, as well as the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures, within a median follow-up period of 12 months.

resultsPatients with normal baseline BMD presented a median femoral and lumbar BMD reduction of 0.15% and 0.10%, respectively. Patients with a baseline BMD in favor of osteopenia exhibited no alterations in the femoral BMD and a median 0.07% reduction in the lumbar BMD. Patients with baseline osteoporosis demonstrated a femoral and lumbar BMD reduction of 6% and 17.30%, respectively. No osteoporotic fracture was demonstrated during the median follow-up period of 12 months.

conclusionsICIs effect on bone metabolism of oncological patients remains undefined. In our cohort, patients with normal BMD and osteopenia did not present a significant change in the BMD after a median follow-up of 12 months. However, patients with baseline osteoporosis were the most affected in both sites. Larger prospective studies are needed to replicate our findings and to define the impact of these drugs on the skeleton.

Indexed as

Bone DensityImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsOsteoporosisAbsorptiometry, PhotonAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleFemurHumansLumbar VertebraeMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasmsOsteoporotic FracturesRetrospective StudiesImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsAdverse eventsBone healthBone mineral densityImmune checkpoint inhibitorsOsteoporosis

Identifiers

PMID40783905

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.