ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2025
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding nutrition among bodybuilders of Zanjan, Northwest of Iran: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOur study aimed to investigate the relationship of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards nutrition (KAP) with socio-demographic and anthropometric factors among bodybuilders in Zanjan, Iran, in 2019.
methodsIn three parts, we performed a cross-sectional study of 220 male bodybuilders across Zanjan City, Iran. First, we assessed the KAP of our athletes with a standard survey questionnaire of KAP. Subsequently, socio-demographic variables were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire, while anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, and BMI, were obtained through standardized and.
resultsA total of 220 male bodybuilders participated in our study. The mean nutrition knowledge (NK) score was 86.33, indicating a good level of knowledge among participants. Marital status and education, use of supplements, supplement usage, nutritional interventions provided by a registered nutritionist, bodybuilding history, and smoking had no significant relationship with KAP. Alcohol consumption showed no significant correlation with knowledge, attitude, or practice. Age was positively correlated with attitude, while no significant correlation was found with knowledge or practice. BMI exhibited a significant inverse correlation with practice, but no significant correlation was observed with knowledge or attitude.
conclusionOur results showed that the NK of bodybuilders in Zanjan city of Iran was good, and there was no significant relevance between socio-demographic factors and KAP, except for alcohol consumption. This demonstrates a substantial NK gap among bodybuilders regarding alcohol use and supplement use, necessitating nutritional education programs for athletes. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.