ArticleBMC nephrology2025
Exploring the gender gap in living kidney donation and transplantation- a regional perspective from Punjab, Pakistan.
Article in BMC nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Gender disparity in access to care across the continuum of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review.BMC nephrology · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGender disparity remains a significant challenge affecting organ donation and transplantation, as approximately 60% of living kidney transplants performed worldwide involve female donors. There is limited information available on gender disparities in organ donation and transplantation in Pakistan. This study aimed to evaluate gender disparities in living kidney donation and transplantation in Punjab. Pakistan.
methodsMulticenter secondary data on living kidney recipients and their donors collected from hospitals registered with the Punjab Human Organ Transplantation Authority (PHOTA) were analyzed to explore the gender disparities in living kidney donation and transplantation in Punjab, Pakistan. The outcome of interest was the probability of males (in comparison to females) and females (in contrast to males) receiving and donating a kidney to a genetically unrelated person among 417 eligible living kidney transplant recipients and their donors.
resultsFour hundred ninety-two kidney transplants were performed in Punjab province from January 01 to December 31, 2021, whereas 417 kidney transplant recipients and donors were included in the study. The majority (87.3%) of kidney transplant recipients were male, whereas only 12.7% of kidney transplant recipients were females. In contrast, 59.7% of kidney donors were female, and only 40.3% were males. More than half of the donor-recipient pairs were genetically related (66.2%) and reported to be siblings (45.8%), followed by others (cousins, aunts, nieces, and nephews) (17.3%) and spouses (16.3%). Females were 13.02 times more likely to donate a kidney to their husbands. Still, their husbands were 0.08 times less likely to donate a kidney to their wives, indicating that males are more inclined to donate a kidney to their offspring, siblings, and other social relationships. At the same time, females are less likely to donate a kidney to their offspring and other social relationships.
conclusionOur current study elaborates on the existing sex-based disparities in living kidney donation and transplantation in Punjab, Pakistan, as males dominate the recipient pool and females are living donors. It is imperative to develop and deploy strategies to ensure equitable access to living donor kidney transplantation, regardless of sex.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.