ArticleBMC surgery2025
The safety and feasibility of the "pan-gate theory" in laparoscopic liver resection through laennec's approach combined with "regional hepatic inflow occlusion" for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Article in BMC surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Abstract
backgroundThe "pan-gate theory", an innovative extension of the "gate theory," optimizes Laennec's approach in laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) by increasing adaptability to anatomical variations and facilitating rapid isolation of the target hepatic pedicle for precise regional inflow occlusion. This study evaluated the safety and feasibility of the "pan-gate theory" in LLR for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with a focus on technical advantages and postoperative outcomes.
methodsThis was a single-arm retrospective study of 48 HCC patients who underwent LLR via the pan-gate Theory (June 2022-September 2023). The primary outcomes were operative time and estimated blood loss (EBL). The secondary outcomes included complications, postoperative hospital stay (PHS), and disease-free survival (DFS). The surgical procedure, guided by the pan-gate theory, included entering Laennec's capsule-Glissonean sheath through the red-yellow demarcation line for regional hepatic inflow occlusion, whereas Laennec's approach is utilized for parenchymal and hepatic vein management.
resultsThe median operative time was 164 (110-217) min, and the EBL was 100 (50-200) mL. All patients achieved R0 resection without conversion to open surgery. Postoperative complications included bile leakage (Grade B) in 7 patients and controlled bleeding in 1 patient. The median PHS was 7.5 (5.6-10.4) days. The one-year DFS rate was 87.5%, with zero mortality. Postoperative quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30) improved across dimensions.
conclusionPan-gate theory demonstrates the safety and feasibility of LLR for the treatment of HCC, indicating that LLR is superior in terms of anatomical variation management. It results in short operative times, minimal blood loss, and few complications, with favourable long-term outcomes. Multicenter studies are needed to validate these findings and optimize their clinical application.
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