ReviewJournal of advanced research2026
Oral natural extracellular vesicles for biomedical applications: Advances and clinical perspectives.
Review in Journal of advanced research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Extracellular Vesicle-like Associated microRNAs in Monofloral Honeys: Molecular Characterization and Functional Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles for MAFLD: from biological mechanisms to translational prospects.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Plant-derived extracellular vesicles as a promising therapeutic and drug delivery strategy for tumor oxidative stress and inflammation.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Bioengineering Applications of Chinese Herbal Medicine-Derived Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms and Translational Prospects.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Long-Term Stabilization of Non-Bovine Milk Exosomes Using Lyophilization: Toward Oral Delivery of PROTAC Therapeutics.Journal of drug delivery science and technology · 2026Article
- Bridging bioactive metabolites ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Plant-Derived Nanovesicles for Ischemic Stroke Therapy via the Gut Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: A New Paradigm of Systemic Regulation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Mammalian, plant, and gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles as emerging therapeutics for bone diseases.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Protective Effects of Orally AdministeredInternational journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNatural extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale vesicles derived from diverse biological sources, recognized for their roles in intercellular communication and therapeutic cargo delivery. Due to their intrinsic biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and ability to traverse biological barriers, EVs have garnered increasing interest as oral drug delivery vehicles. However, despite growing preclinical research, there is currently no comprehensive review that systematically focuses on EVs specifically for oral delivery applications-a critical gap in the literature. AIM OF REVIEW: This review aims to systematically summarize and critically assess the current progress in the development of EVs as oral drug delivery systems. It integrates knowledge on EVs sources, extraction and engineering strategies, and their therapeutic potential across a range of diseases. By addressing this underexplored yet promising area, the review seeks to establish a foundational reference for both basic researchers and clinical innovators. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW: The review provides a comparative analysis of EVs from animal and plant origins, emphasizing their stability in the gastrointestinal tract and their ability to encapsulate and protect bioactive molecules. It explores the mechanisms by which EVs overcome physiological barriers such as intestinal epithelium and the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and how surface modifications enhance tissue targeting. The review covers therapeutic applications in oncology, neurodegenerative, metabolic, inflammatory, and infectious diseases, highlighting advantages in improving oral bioavailability and reducing side effects. It also identifies current challenges in standardization, large-scale production, and drug loading efficiency. The review concludes by proposing future directions for optimizing EVs-based oral delivery systems and facilitating their clinical translation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.