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ArticleApplied biochemistry and biotechnology2025

Trichoderma reesei Cellulase in the Monoculture and the Mixed Culture with Aspergillus niger: From Transcripts to Proteins.

Hao Fang, Yuqi Song, Liang Yu, Xiangyang Song, Chen Zhao

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Article in Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Simultaneous Biosynthesis of Cellulase byWaste and biomass valorization · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Hao FangCenter for Future Foods, Muyuan Laboratory, 110 Shangding Road, Zhengzhou, 450016, Henan Province, China. fanghao@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0187-0051
Yuqi SongFaculty of Engineering, Monash University, 14 Alliance Lane, Clayton Victoria, 3800, Australia.
Liang YuDepartment of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
Xiangyang SongCollege of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
Chen ZhaoCollege of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling District, Xianyang, 712100, Shaanxi, China. zhaochencn@hotmail.com.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 21808186National Natural Science Foundation of China 22007079Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi 2024JC-YBMS-164Xi'an Science and Technology Plan Project 24NYGG0098ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center K02013020
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The mixed culture of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger enhanced cellulase production, optimized cellulase composition, and improved enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. In our multi-omics study, we found that the transcriptional changes in cellulase components in the mixed culture, compared to the monoculture, did not align with the corresponding changes at the protein level. However, the reason why cellulase proteins exhibited different variations from their corresponding transcripts remains unclear. Here, we systematically analyzed cellulase production in the mixed culture at both the transcriptional and protein levels, using the monoculture of T. reesei as a control, to elucidate the underlying mechanism. In the mixed culture, the transcription of most cellulase genes generally increased, with some exceptions, such as egl5, which decreased. This suggests the complexity of signaling pathways and regulatory networks. The cellulase gene expression profiles and the protein profiles were inconsistent. Only cbh2, eg2, and egl5 proteins exhibited noticeable increase in abundance compared to the monoculture. We compared the composition of cellulase in the T. reesei monoculture with that in the mixed culture of T. reesei and A. niger and found that the patterns differed much less than at the transcriptional level. Compared to the T. reesei monoculture, the cellulase from the mixed culture had a higher proportion of CBH II (cbh2), which is crucial for the synergistic degradation capacity of cellulase during enzymatic hydrolysis. The various physiological responses to the mixed culture-including signaling pathways, unfolded protein response (UPR), endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), apoptosis, autophagy, translocation, secretion, and proteolysis-played distinct roles in determining the fate of each cellulase component. The mechanism by which the mixed culture affected cellulase production in T. reesei is elucidated and elaborated. These findings shed light on a systems engineering approach of T. reesei for cellulase production.

Indexed as

Aspergillus nigerCellulaseFungal ProteinsHypocrealesGene Expression Regulation, FungalCellulaseFungal ProteinsAspergillus nigerCellulaseMixed cultureTrichoderma reesei

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.