A comprehensive review on the role of plant-derived bioactive metabolites driving ROS-mediated apoptosis in cancer.

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are essential in inducing cancer cell death through the promotion of oxidative stress, DNA damage, and the disturbance of cellular homeostasis. Natural bioactive chemicals sourced from plants and other natural products are significant for their capacity to selectively regulate ROS levels and cause apoptosis in cancer cells while sparing normal cells. The study gives a thorough summary of the molecular mechanisms of ROS-induced apoptosis, including mitochondrial damage, pro-apoptotic pathway activation, and inhibition of anti-apoptotic proteins. The review focuses on several natural bioactive molecules, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids that have anticancer activity through ROS induction. The potential therapeutic application of the compounds in increasing the effectiveness of standard cancer therapies and reducing drug resistance is likewise discussed. In addition, the review discusses the challenge of clinical translation of these bioactive compounds with respect to bioavailability, stability, and site-specific delivery. In conclusion, this review highlights the promising potential of ROS-modulating bioactive compounds as a new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, with insights into their mechanistic action and therapeutic implications.