ArticleAssessment2026
Construct Validity of the Tower of London Test: Generating a Construct Specification Equation Relating Problem Characteristics to Problem Difficulty in a Sample of Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.
Article in Assessment, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
The Tower of London (TOL) is a set of problem-solving tasks that are commonly used to measure cognition. No studies have developed construct specification equations (CSEs) to mathematically quantify how the characteristics of test problems relate to the difficulty of the problem in the TOL. We aimed to investigate the relationship between TOL problem characteristics and problem difficulty in Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). For each problem, the sample average of moves, time, and optimal moves was used to quantify TOL problem difficulty from 77 Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury. Problem characteristics of minimum moves, optimal paths, move choices, start position, and goal position for 29 TOL problems were linearly regressed against quantifications of TOL problem difficulty. Only the problem characteristic of minimum moves showed a significant correlation across all three quantifications of problem difficulty (
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