ArticleClinical & experimental ophthalmology2025
Premyopia Management With Ophthalmic Referral Slows Myopic Shift After School Entry: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study in Taiwan.
Article in Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Compliance with post-school vision screening referral: a systematic review.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- One year results of a pilot study on stepwise defocus incorporated multiple segment spectacle wear for myopia prevention in preschool children with premyopia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Premyopia Management With Ophthalmic Referral Slows Myopic Shift After School Entry: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study in Taiwan.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Time outdoors and the prevention of myopia: School-based implementation works.Taiwan journal of ophthalmologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of early ophthalmic referral for premyopic preschoolers on myopic spherical equivalent (SE) shift after school entry; and to identify risk factors for nonadherence to follow-up care.
methodsA population-based longitudinal study followed 742 premyopic preschoolers (-0.5 D < SE ≤ +0.75 D) from a countywide screening in Yilan, Taiwan (2021-2022), into first or second grade in elementary school (2023). Cycloplegic autorefraction and caregiver questionnaires were collected at baseline and follow-up. Children screened in 2022 comprised the intervention cohort, while those screened in 2021 formed the comparison cohort. Multiple regression analyses assessed factors associated with myopic SE shift and nonadherence to follow-up care.
resultsAmongst 742 premyopic children (mean [SD] age at follow-up, 7.2 [0.4] years; 57.8% boys), the overall SE progression was -0.19 (0.39) D/year and the incidence of myopia was 14.8 per 100 person-years. The intervention cohort had a slower myopic SE shift than the comparison cohort (-0.15 vs. -0.22 D/year; p = 0.009). Referral at baseline was independently associated with slower SE progression (β = 0.070; p = 0.03). Amongst those referred in the intervention cohort, 63.2% adhered to follow-up care. Nonadherence was associated with greater baseline hyperopia (adjusted OR, 3.77; 95% CI, 1.69-8.41) and rural residency (adjusted OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.23-3.30).
conclusionsEarly ophthalmic referral reduced myopic progression, but follow-up adherence was suboptimal, especially in children with greater hyperopia or living in rural areas.
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