ArticleThe Laryngoscope2026
The Malignant Transformation Rate of Oral Carcinoma In Situ.
Article in The Laryngoscope, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- c-Met-targeted NIR-II imaging for precision management of oral squamous cell carcinoma and premalignant lesions.Theranostics · 2026Article
- The Malignant Transformation Rate of Oral Carcinoma In Situ.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
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3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesOral carcinoma in situ (OCIS) is a Stage 0 malignant condition known to progress to invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The rate and timeframe of this transformation are not well delineated. We present the largest study to date investigating the malignant transformation rate of OCIS to invasive OSCC.
methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort analysis using the TriNetX Research database. Patients ≥ 18 years of age with a diagnosis of OCIS from 2008 to 2018 were included, allowing for up to 5 years of follow-up. The primary outcome was the 5-year rate of OSCC transformation compared to an age-matched control cohort. Secondary objectives included a description of treatment pathways and 5-year survival. Descriptive and comparative statistics were conducted using TriNetX software.
resultsAbout 4130 patients diagnosed with OCIS were included. Mean age at diagnosis was 62.5 ± 13.1 with patients being 61.0% male (n = 2521), 74.0% white (n = 3058), and 73.3% not Hispanic/Latino (n = 175). Patients with OCIS had 15.3% nicotine dependence (n = 15.3) and 7.5% alcohol dependence (n = 308). The 5-year malignant transformation rate for OCIS to OSCC was 56.8% (n = 2349), with the mean time to transformation being 15.0 months. Patients had a 234.9 times greater risk of developing OSCC compared to the control (95% CI 126.4-436.5, p < 0.01). Five-year Kaplan-Meier survival probability for OCIS was 74.7%.
conclusionsOur results indicate a high rate of malignant transformation from OCIS to OSCC. A mean transformation time of 15 months underscores the need for prompt work-up and treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Retrospective cohort study-Level 3.
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