SynthesisBMC infectious diseases2025
Prevalence and contributing factors of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in iran: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and determinants of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in the MENA region: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Pooled it
- Small-molecule activators of theiScience · 2026Article
- ComparativeMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Routine Molecular Surveillance of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Translating Mutation Proxies into Clinical Governance Intelligence in Rural Eastern Cape.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The epidemiology of tuberculosis infection and the Human Development Index (HDI) in Iran between 1990-2021: secondary analysis of the global burden of disease.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Global Burden of Tuberculosis and Drug-Resistant Subtypes Among Women of Childbearing Age from 1990 to 2021, with Projections to 2030.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Factors Influencing Adherence to All-Oral Short-Course Treatment for DR-TB and Establishment of a Predictive Model.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Discovery of novel InhA inhibitors through structural bioinformatics and machine learning-driven QSAR screening of natural products.Biology methods & protocols · 2026Article
- Interpretable multimodal machine learning for diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDrug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is an increasing public health concern in Iran, with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) posing significant challenges to disease control efforts. This study examines the prevalence of DR-TB in Iran from January 2000 to October 2023.
methodsA comprehensive systematic search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, EMBASE, BioMed Central, and Web of Science. The search utilized specific keywords such as "drug-resistant tuberculosis," "DR-TB," "MDR-TB," "XDR-TB," "Iran," "prevalence," and "risk factors," among others. Boolean operators (AND/OR) were employed to refine the search results. Only articles published between January 2000 and October 2023 were considered for inclusion. The search strategy followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the review questions were formulated based on the PICO model. The initial search identified 750 records. After removing duplicates and screening the titles, abstracts, and full texts, a total of 9 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the systematic review.
resultsBetween 2000 and 2023, the prevalence of MDR-TB in Iran ranged from 5.1 to 11.3% among general TB cases, increasing to 36% among retreatment cases and 18.5% in border provinces such as Sistan-Baluchestan. Retreatment patients had a sixfold higher risk of MDR-TB compared to new cases. Comorbidities such as diabetes (OR: 2.3) and HIV (OR: 3.1), along with male sex and older age, were significant contributing factors-particularly in XDR-TB cases. Despite the rising trend in drug resistance, diagnostic and laboratory limitations remain major challenges. Key risk factors include a history of previous treatment, diabetes mellitus, limited access to healthcare, and socioeconomic barriers. Diagnostic difficulties, including inadequate laboratory capacity and underutilization of molecular diagnostic tools, further complicate TB control and management.
conclusionAddressing the rising prevalence of DR-TB in Iran requires urgent public health interventions, including strengthening healthcare infrastructure, improving access to diagnostic services, and implementing community-based education programs to reduce stigma and enhance treatment adherence. Without these measures, the burden of DR-TB is likely to increase, further complicating efforts to control this public health crisis.
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