ArticleDiabetologia2025
The impact of child type 1 diabetes on parental incomes in a welfare state context: quasi-experimental evidence from Swedish national registers.
Article in Diabetologia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
aims/hypothesisThe aim of this study was to quantify the impact of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes on parental incomes in a Nordic welfare state.
methodsIn this register-based quasi-experimental study, we included the parents of 13,358 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in Sweden from 1993 to 2014 together with 506,516 population-based matched control parents. A difference-in-differences approach was used to compare income trajectories between exposed parents and control parents. Work-related and pension-qualifying incomes (including parental benefits) were assessed during the first 7 years after diagnosis. The long-term incomes of parents of children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 1993-2004 were also investigated.
resultsA sharp decline in work-related income was observed in both mothers and fathers of children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. In the year after diagnosis, the mean yearly income difference (expressed in €100) was -15.4 for mothers (95% CI -17.2, -13.6) and -6.0 for fathers (95% CI -8.9, -3.2), representing a relative decrease of 6.6% and 1.6%, respectively. The effects on income were similar across sociodemographic groups and calendar periods. The pension-qualifying income of mothers increased in the first year after diagnosis by 28.7 (95% CI 27.1, 30.3), attributable to the parental care allowance, but gradually decreased during long-term follow-up (-10.9, 95% CI -16.6, -5.1, after 17 years). CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationThis study highlights the enduring financial consequences for parents caring for a child with type 1 diabetes in Sweden. While parental benefits in Sweden mitigated the short-term loss of maternal income, the current welfare system does not adequately address long-term consequences.
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