ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2026
Defects in antigen processing and presentation: mechanisms, immune evasion and implications for cancer vaccine development.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: Mechanism and pharmacological strategies.Pharmacological research · 2026Review
- NKR-P1A/CD161: A Multifunctional Immune Receptor at the Crossroads of Antitumor Immunity.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Bridging model performance and clinical utility in T cell receptor-epitope binding prediction.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Therapeutic vaccines for NSCLC: From mechanisms to clinical translation.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Revisiting tumor immunogenicity through the lens of mutant p53: Implications for cancer immunotherapy.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Cancer drug response and resistance: molecular mechanisms and combating strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Universal off-the-shelf TGF-Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- CD73-LNPs promote antitumor T-cell immunity via amplifying TLR3-mediated immunostimulatory dendritic cell activation.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Plasticity of Non-Apoptotic Residual Tumor Cells After Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy: Epigenetic and Microenvironmental Determinants.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Cancer stem cells and drug resistance in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- The emerging roles of alternative splicing in modulating tumor immune responses and immunotherapies.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Review
- Targeting non-canonical antigens unlocks functional T-cell responses in renal cell carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Natural killer cell immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer: Release the brakes.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Hallmarks and correlates of effective adoptive cell immunotherapy for cancer.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- The research progress of gastric cancer vaccines: a narrative review.Translational cancer research · 2026Review
- Nanomaterials targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts to overcome stromal barriers in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Covalent tumor anchoring spatially orchestrates antitumor immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- T cell adaptation in chronic infections and tumors.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human tumour cells express mutated and non-mutated proteins that can be processed and presented by these cells as peptides bound to human leukocyte antigen (HLA). Some of these peptides are recognized by cognate T cell receptors as 'non-self', leading to specific killing of tumour cells by T cells. This process is fundamental to the success of cancer immunotherapy, which exploits the ability of the immune system to eliminate transformed cells. Mutated antigens (neoantigens) have been implicated in the remarkable therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which boost endogenous antitumour immune responses. In recent years, the combination of ICIs with personalized cancer vaccines that target neoantigens and other tumour-specific antigens has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy. However, the robust immune pressure that ICIs exert on cancer cells inevitably amplifies the phenomenon of immune editing, which can allow cancer cells to develop resistance mechanisms that subvert surveillance by the immune system. Diminished antigenicity can be due to defects in the antigen processing and presentation machinery, such as HLA-I/II loss of heterozygosity and loss of functional β2-microglobulin. This poses a considerable challenge for combination therapies that include ICIs and for the design of cancer-specific vaccines.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.