ArticleNature medicine2025
Early-life serological profiles and the development of natural protective humoral immunity to Streptococcus pyogenes in a high-burden setting.
Article in Nature medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Subclinical exposure to Streptococcus pyogenes drives the development of long-lived homologous immunity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Slr protein of Streptococcus pyogenes is selectively expressed in vivo and is a target for protective antibodies.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Development of flow cytometry bead-based opsonophagocytic assays to dissect cell-mediated functional antibody responses to malaria vaccines.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Comparative evaluation of performance and precision of multiplex immunoassays measuring human IgG toFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal surveillance of group A streptococcal pharyngitis and impetigo in remote Western Australian school children informs acute rheumatic fever prevention.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
36 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes leads to 500,000 deaths annually, many due to rheumatic heart disease in low-income settings. Limited understanding of natural protective immunity to S. pyogenes hinders vaccine development. Here we describe the evolution of serological profiles to conserved vaccine antigens and serotype-specific M proteins from birth and throughout the life course in The Gambia. As placentally transferred IgG waned after birth, serological evidence of new exposure was seen in 23% of infants during the first year of life. After culture-confirmed S. pyogenes events, the highest IgG increases occurred in children younger than 2 years of age after both pharyngeal and skin disease and asymptomatic carriage at both sites. Higher IgG levels against conserved vaccine antigens correlated with functional activity and were associated with protection from culture-confirmed events after adjustment for age and anti-M protein IgG levels. To our knowledge, our data provide the first evidence of protection associated with humoral immunity to conserved vaccine candidate antigens in humans.
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