Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40781335›Full record

Trial reportAddiction science & clinical practice2025

Implementation of contingency management with women engaging in polysubstance use.

Kathleen M Ward, Adam W Carrico, Daniel Vader, Reneé H Moore, K Rivet Amico, Allison K Groves, Scarlett L Bellamy, Susan G Sherman, Douglas Krakower, Silvana Mazzella and 1 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readComparative StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Addiction science & clinical practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05192434 (Efficacy of a Trauma Intervention for Affect Regulation, Adherence, and Substance Use to Optimize PrEP for Women Who Inject Drugs), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05192434 naactive not recruitingnot on this map

Efficacy of a Trauma Intervention for Affect Regulation, Adherence, and Substance Use to Optimize PrEP for Women Who Inject Drugs

TypeinterventionalSponsorDrexel UniversityRan2022 to 2026Enrolled219ConditionsHIV Infections, Opioid Use, Trauma, PsychologicalArmsExpressive Writing, Contingency Management
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Kathleen M WardDornsife School of Public Health, Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Adam W CarricoRobert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
Daniel VaderDornsife School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Reneé H MooreDornsife School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
K Rivet AmicoDepartment of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Allison K GrovesDornsife School of Public Health, Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Scarlett L BellamyDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Susan G ShermanDepartment of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Douglas KrakowerDepartment of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Silvana MazzellaPrevention Point Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Alexis M RothDornsife School of Public Health, Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. alexisroth@drexel.edu.

Funding

Efficacy of a Trauma Intervention for Affect Regulation, Adherence, and Substance Use to Optimize PrEP for Women Who Inject DrugsR01DA054543 · NIDA · DREXEL UNIVERSITY · PI Alexis Marie Roth · 2021 to 2026
$4.4M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA054543NIDA NIH HHS R01DA054543
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundContingency management (CM) is an effective intervention that provides financial incentives as positive reinforcement for reducing opioid or stimulant use. However, it has not been tested in populations of women who inject drugs (WWID) engaging in polysubstance use.

methodsWe aimed to compare the feasibility of two CM protocols designed to encourage illicit stimulant and opioid abstinence among WWID participating in an ongoing HIV prevention trial. Participants completed a 3-month CM period during which they submitted thrice weekly urine toxicology screenings (UTOX). In the 'abstinence from stimulants and opioids' protocol, participants received a $5 USD incentive when metabolites of stimulants and opioids were not detected in urine. In the 'partial-abstinence protocol', they received a $5 USD incentive when metabolites of stimulants or opioids were not detected, thus doubling the potential incentive obtained each visit. Women also received scaling bonuses after three consecutive negative UTOX ($5-$15 USD). We used descriptive statistics to summarize the total number of (1) UTOXs completed and (2) bonuses distributed. Rates of engagement per person per month were calculated (i.e., total number of completed UTOX/3 months*24 participants). Rates of engagement were compared by CM protocol period.

resultsParticipants were primarily White women (67%) with an average age of 47 years. Self-reported polysubstance use was common (96%) with women reporting injecting an average of 5 times daily (Interquartile Range: 2-7). Participants (N = 24) collectively submitted 177 UTOX during their 3-month CM periods. Rates of non-reactive UTOX results were slightly higher in the partial-abstinence protocol compared to the abstinence from stimulants and opioids protocol (2.9 per month versus 1.0 per month). More bonuses were earned in the partial-abstinence protocol (0.50 bonuses per participant per month) compared to the abstinence from stimulants and opioids protocol (none). There were no study related adverse events in either protocol group during the CM period.

conclusionsFindings demonstrate the feasibility of a CM protocol that provided financial incentives for partial abstinence, periods with documented stimulant or opioid abstinence, as well as abstinence to both, without the occurrence of iatrogenic effects. Future research focusing on CM protocols with more flexible incentive structures remains critical.

trial registrationNCT05192434.

Indexed as

Behavior TherapyOpioid-Related DisordersSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSubstance-Related DisordersAdultCentral Nervous System StimulantsFeasibility StudiesFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansMiddle AgedMotivationSubstance Abuse DetectionCentral Nervous System StimulantsContingency managementOpioidPolysubstance useStimulantWomen who use drugs

Identifiers

PMID40781335
PMCPMC12333167

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.