Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40781145›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Securing and optimizing optical transmission in quantum wells using OAM and advanced modulation techniques.

Muhammad Ahmad, Zhiping Wang, Ming Fang, Zhixiang Huang, Guoda Xie

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Muhammad AhmadThe Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, China.
Zhiping WangThe Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, China.
Ming FangThe Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, China.
Zhixiang HuangThe Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, China.
Guoda XieThe Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230601, China. gdxie@ahu.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 2022YFA1404003National Natural Science Foundation of China 62101002National Natural Science Foundation of China 62201003National Natural Science Foundation of China U23A20290
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) has gained significant attention in wireless communication, particularly for high-speed, large-capacity optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. However, current optical transmission methods encounter challenges in efficiently transmitting data due to limited OAM mode generation, reduced transmission privacy, and high atmospheric turbulence. The paper proposes an optimized and secure optical transmission in quantum wells to overcome these limitations using OAM and advanced modulation approaches. First of all, this paper proposes an orthogonal frequency division multiplexer (OFDM) with Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) with Helical Phase Distribution, which enhances the OAM mode generation. After the signal generation process is completed, a hybrid method called Traffic Prediction Assisted with a Spotted Hyena Optimizer (TPAR-SHO) is proposed to analyze traffic in the optical transmission system. The Quantum Well Structure with Injection Locking Synchronization (QWS-ILCS) algorithm is proposed to improve the security of the transmission system. The OFDM with Proportional-Integral-Derivative (OFDM-PID) Controller approach is proposed to safeguard the optical transmission system from atmospheric turbulence. Finally, the Fast Fourier Transform with a Fiber Optical Performance monitoring tool (FFT-FOPM) is proposed for efficient signal processing and comprehensive network monitoring. The simulation results show that the proposed system achieved a low bit error rate (BER) of (17.63%), network throughput of (0.96 Mbps), data integrity rate of (75%), signal quality of (0.3 dB), and blocking probability of (0.03%), which outperforms the state-of-the-art. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach enhances optical transmission networks' efficiency, reliability, and security.

Identifiers

PMID40781145
PMCPMC12334684

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.