Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40780496›Full record

Trial reportThe Journal of nutrition2025

Gastric Digestion and Changes in Serum Amino Acid Concentrations after Consumption of Casein from Cow and Goat Milk: A Randomized Crossover Trial in Healthy Males.

Elise Jm van Eijnatten, Guido Camps, Wolf Rombouts, Linette Pellis, Paul Am Smeets

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in The Journal of nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Investigating Dietary microRNA Stability and Function Using a Transgenic Milk Model With Unique microRNA Sequences.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Elise Jm van EijnattenDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Guido CampsDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Wolf RomboutsAusnutria Dairy Corporation Ltd, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Linette PellisAusnutria Dairy Corporation Ltd, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Paul Am SmeetsDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: paul.smeets@wur.nl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn vitro studies show that goat milk proteins form less compact coagulates in the stomach compared with cow milk proteins, which may facilitate gastric digestion and amino acid (AA) absorption. However, this has not been confirmed in vivo in humans.

objectivesThis study aims to examine gastric digestion and changes in serum AA concentrations after cow milk-derived (cow MC) and goat milk-derived casein (goat MC) ingestion.

methodsIn this single-blind randomized crossover study participants consumed 300 mL of a drink containing 30 g of cow MC or goat MC. Participants underwent gastric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at baseline and every 10 min ≤60 min postprandially. Blood was drawn at baseline and ≤4 h postprandially. In addition, participants verbally rated their appetite after each MRI measurement. Primary outcomes were gastric emptying and serum AA concentrations. Secondary outcome was gastric coagulation as inferred by image texture metrics.

resultsA total of 18 males (age 26 ± 8.3 y, body mass index 23 ± 1.6 kg/m

conclusionsCow and goat MC have different coagulating properties, as inferred by AA concentrations and supported by image texture analysis. However, overall gastric emptying and the emptying of the liquid and coagulated fractions were similar. This warrants further in vivo research on casein coagulation in the food matrix to help determine the optimal use for cow and goat milk and their protein fractions.

Indexed as

Amino AcidsCaseinsDigestionMilkAdultAnimalsCattleCross-Over StudiesGastric EmptyingGoatsHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleSingle-Blind MethodStomachYoung AdultAmino AcidsCaseinsamino acidsbovinecaprinecoagulationdigestionmagnetic resonance imagingmilk proteinstomach

Identifiers

PMID40780496
PMCPMC12799461

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.