Exosome-Based Therapies in Dermatology.

Exosome-based therapies are becoming one of the most innovative and potentially effective solutions in the dermatology field for skin health, rejuvenation, and aesthetics. Exosomes are described as small membranous structure like vesicles, which are involved in cell-to-cell communication during normal physiological and pathological conditions. These vesicles are surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and are released by nearly all kinds of eukaryotic cells. They are usually sized between 30 and 150 nanometers and are loaded with cell-specific cargoes. Earlier considered to be cellular waste resulting from cell damage, exosomes are now being studied due to their unique characteristics such as small size, stability, biocompatibility, high loading capacity of proteins and nucleic acids, low antigenicity, and ability to penetrate cell membranes. These properties of exosomes have made them ideal for use in a broad range of cellular environment and garner tremendous momentum in therapeutic applications, particularly in regenerative medicine. In dermatology, exosomes hold significant potential as they can transfer biologically active molecules and modulate cellular responses offering therapeutic options for chronic wounds, inflammatory disorders, skin cancers, and cosmetic applications. In this regard, this review will briefly review the biogenesis of exosomes and the utilization of exosomes in aesthetic regenerative medicine.