ArticleGlobal change biology2025
Relative Effects of Eutrophication and Warming on Freshwater Ecosystems Across Ecological Levels.
Article in Global change biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Widespread Underestimation of Drought Impacts on River Ecosystems Due to Weak Experimental Designs.Global change biology · 2026Pooled it
- Globally doubled methane emissions from nutrient-enriched rivers.National science review · 2026Article
- Experimental Evidence for the Desynchronization of Ecosystem Dynamics by Global Change.Ecology letters · 2025Article
- Relative Effects of Eutrophication and Warming on Freshwater Ecosystems Across Ecological Levels.Global change biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Global change strongly alters biodiversity worldwide, but our ability to predict their consequences for ecosystem functioning remains limited. This lack of knowledge may be attributed to the limited empirical evidence of the simultaneous ecological impacts of global change across multiple ecological levels. Here, we conducted a full factorial experiment to measure the isolated and combined effects of two global change drivers to which freshwater ecosystems are severely exposed: (i) nutrient addition, which mainly affects the lower trophic levels and modifies ecosystems from the bottom of the food chain, and (ii) warming, which primarily affects large organisms at the top of the food chain. We quantified the effects of the two global change drivers at four different ecological levels: community composition (zooplankton and benthic invertebrates), size structure, trophic architecture, and ecosystem functioning. We found that the impacts of treatments varied significantly across different ecological levels. Specifically, community composition was predominantly affected by warming, whereas nutrient addition played a more important role than warming in ecosystem functioning (e.g., primary production and atmospheric CO
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.