Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40778322›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in surgery2025

Primary vs. second primary cT1-T2 oral squamous cell carcinoma: comparing the outcomes.

Noëmi Ramirez-Guanche, Fien Jaeken, Davide Di Santo, Sandra Nuyts, Paul M Clement, Annousschka Laenen, Jeroen Meulemans, Vincent Vander Poorten

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Noëmi Ramirez-GuancheDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Fien JaekenDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Davide Di SantoDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Sandra NuytsDepartment of Radiotherapy-Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Paul M ClementDepartment of Oncology, Section of Head and Neck Oncology, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Annousschka LaenenDepartment of Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Jeroen MeulemansDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Vincent Vander PoortenDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction and aim: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) having the highest incidence. Despite early diagnosis in 50% of cases, recurrence and poor survival remain concerns. This study compares survival outcomes between primary and second primary cT1-T2 OSCC. Materials and methods: A single-center historical cohort study included 60 patients treated for cT1-T2 OSCC between 2010 and 2022. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment modalities were collected. Treatment followed ESMO guidelines, primarily involving surgery with or without postoperative radiotherapy. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models assessed overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: The 2- and 5-year OS rates were 85% and 64.9%, while DSS rates were 91.4% and 87.3%, respectively. Median OS was 7.4 years. Patients with primary tumors had significantly better OS (HR = 0.409, Conclusion: This study confirms second primary malignancies as a key prognostic factor for survival in OSCC. Male sex, advanced TNM stage, gross ENE, multiple lymph node involvement, and active smoking status were linked to poorer outcomes. Larger studies with multivariate analysis comparing primary and non-primary tumors are needed to validate these findings.

Indexed as

cT1-T2head and neck canceroral canceroral squamous cell carcinomaprognostic factorssecond primary tumor

Identifiers

PMID40778322
PMCPMC12328369

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.