ArticleJPRAS open2025
Analgesia in gender-affirming mastectomy: Intraoperative pectoral blocks are equally effective as preoperative, ultrasound-guided PECS I/II blocks.
Article in JPRAS open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intraoperative Local Anesthesia and Opioid Use in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery-based Breast Reduction.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Pectoral nerve blocks I and II (PECS I and II) can be given preoperatively under ultrasound guidance by an anesthesiologist or intraoperatively by a surgeon for postoperative pain control. A comparison of analgesia provided by preoperative versus intraoperative PECS blocks could help surgeons decide which method is most effective while optimizing resources. Methods: A retrospective review of patients receiving gender-affirming mastectomies at a single institution was conducted from 2018 to 2024. PECS I/II blocks were delivered intraoperatively before August 2023 and preoperatively thereafter. Twenty mL total of 0.25 % bupivacaine with epinephrine was used for PECSI+II blocks. Analgesic effect was measured with opioid consumption (MME) and patient-reported pain score in the PACU. The need for additional opioid medications after discharge was also evaluated. Results: A total of 438 subjects were included, with 84.5 % (370/438) in the intraoperative block group and the remaining 15.5 % (68/438) in the preoperative block group. Opioid consumption did not differ between the two groups (intraoperative: 13.1 ± 6.91 MME vs. preoperative: 12.7 ± 5.32 MME, Conclusion: Intraoperative PECS I/II blocks should be utilized over preoperative, ultrasound-guided PECS I/II blocks in the setting of gender-affirming mastectomy to provide effective analgesia while optimizing resource utilization and minimizing costs.
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