Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40777449›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2025

An X-linked sex determination mechanism in cannabis and hop.

Sarah B Carey, Philip C Bentz, John T Lovell, Laramie M Akozbek, Zack A Myers, Walid Korani, Joshua S Havill, Lillian Padgitt-Cobb, Ryan C Lynch, Nicholas Allsing and 22 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

32 authors.

Sarah B CareyHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6431-0660
Philip C BentzHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
John T LovellHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
Laramie M AkozbekHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
Zack A MyersHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
Walid KoraniHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5372-2240
Joshua S HavillDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Lillian Padgitt-CobbThe Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Ryan C LynchThe Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Nicholas AllsingThe Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Jack MangelsNew West Genetics, Windsor, CO, USA.
Zachary StansellUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Geneva, New York, USA.
George StackUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Geneva, New York, USA.
Tyler GordonUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Geneva, New York, USA.
Austin OsmanskiHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1485-6446
Katherine A EasterlingUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wapato, WA, USA.
Leonardo R OrozcoDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
Zach E MarcusDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
Haley HaleHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
Hannah McCoyHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
Zachary MehargHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
Jane GrimwoodHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
Lawrence B SmartHorticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7812-7736
Daniela VergaraDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
Rafael F GuerreroDepartment of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8451-3609
Nolan C KaneDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
Rich FletcherNew West Genetics, Windsor, CO, USA.
John K McKayNew West Genetics, Windsor, CO, USA.
Todd P MichaelThe Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6272-2875
Gary J MuehlbauerDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Josh ClevengerHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
Alex HarkessHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.

Funding

Computational tools and quantitative analyses of genome structure evolutionR35GM147107 · NIGMS · NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY RALEIGH · PI Rafael F Guerrero · 2022 to 2026
$1.8M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM147107
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sex chromosomes in cannabis and hop were identified a century ago because of their obvious visible differences in size (heteromorphy). However, we know little about the genes they contain that control the development of the inflorescences. Here we assembled genomes, with phased sex chromosomes, for hop and cannabis. The XY chromosomes share an origin prior to the divergence between the genera >36 MYA. Due to the inheritance patterns of the XYs, the male-specific region of the Y is highly-degenerated, with substantial gene loss, while the X shows faster rates of molecular evolution. Consistent with the theory that these species lack an active-Y system, no clear sex-determining genes reside on the Y. Instead, an X-linked homolog of aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (

Identifiers

PMID40777449
PMCPMC12330646

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.