Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40777392›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2025

Intranasal Insulin Mediates Neurodegeneration in Diabetic Retinopathy via Regulation of Inflammatory and Apoptotic Pathways.

Sally S Ong, Joanne Konstantopoulos, Mallory K Suarez, Joseph Rigdon, Jian-Xing Ma, Rebecca M Sappington

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sally S OngDepartment of Ophthalmology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.ORCID 0000-0003-3599-9021
Joanne KonstantopoulosDepartment of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
Mallory K SuarezDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Joseph RigdonBiostatistics, Epidemiology and Research Design, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
Jian-Xing MaTranslational Eye and Vision Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
Rebecca M SappingtonTranslational Eye and Vision Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.

Funding

Pilot & Feasibility ProgramP30DK124723 · NIDDK · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI P Darrell Neufer · 2020 to 2026
$11.0M
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK124723
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neurodegenerative changes predominate in early stages of diabetic retinopathy but effective therapies are lacking. Insulin treatment decreases neurodegeneration and intranasal insulin has been shown to reach the central nervous system in neurodegenerative diseases like dementia. We tested the hypothesis that intranasal insulin can decrease retinal neurodegeneration using the C57BL/KsJ-db/db transgenic diabetic (

Identifiers

PMID40777392
PMCPMC12330559

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.