ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
The role of IL-37 and IL-38 in rheumatoid arthritis, the potential clinical applications in precision medicine.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Extracellular vesicle-mediated immunomodulation and targeted delivery: breakthroughs and challenges in rheumatoid arthritis therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The regulatory role of IL-37 and IL-38 in CAR-T associated cytokine release syndrome in multiple myeloma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- IL-37 and IL-38 in sepsis: immune-metabolic rheostats in a dynamic inflammatory continuum.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Divergent roles of IL-35 and IL-39 in rheumatoid arthritis: restoring cytokine balance within the IL-12 family.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The role of interleukin-37 and interleukin-38 in the development and remission of autism spectrum disorder: a comprehensive review of neuroinflammatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the joints, and in severe cases, can damage other major organs, particularly in susceptible individuals. Management of RA primarily relies on disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) often used in conjunction with low-dose steroids; however, outcomes are frequently suboptimal, resulting in significant physical and psychological impact. Biological agents have shown promise for non-responsive RA patients. Nevertheless, the precise underlying mechanism of RA remains unclear. Systemic and local levels of IL-37 and IL-38, anti-inflammatory cytokines, are elevated in RA patients. Intriguingly, these levels decrease in individuals experiencing remission, correlating with the Disease Activity Score (DAS28) and histopathological findings. In animal models, exogenous IL-37 and IL-38 demonstrate protective effects against RA development, while depletion of either cytokine exacerbates the disease
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.