ArticleInternational neurourology journal2025
Combined Effects of Exercise and Vitamin D on Neuroinflammation, Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity, Oxidative Stress, and Cognitive Function in Nonpathological Mice.
Article in International neurourology journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between serum vitamin D levels and functional outcomes in ischemic stroke patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Pooled it
- The Vitamin D-Gut-Brain Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Bidirectional Crosstalk.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Vitamin D and exercise in obesity: a neurovascular-muscle axis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Vitamin D Associated with Exercise Can Be Used as a Promising Tool in Neurodegenerative Disease Protection.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Multifaceted Protective Effects of Exercise on Brain, Muscle, and Vascular Health.International neurourology journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis study investigated whether the combined application of treadmill exercise and vitamin D injections exerts neuroprotective effects in nonpathological mice by enhancing cognitive function, regulating immune responses, preserving blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and improving mitochondrial efficiency.
methodsForty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to control, exercise (EX), vitamin D (VD), or combined treatment (EXVD) groups. After 20 weeks of intervention, behavioral, molecular, and cellular analyses were performed to assess cognitive function, immune responses, BBB integrity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial efficiency.
resultsThe EXVD group demonstrated superior spatial learning and memory compared to the other groups. Vitamin D treatment significantly increased plasma interleukin-10 and tight junction protein levels, while exercise alone elevated hippocampal tumor necrosis factor-α. Combined treatment reduced astrocyte activation, maintained BBB integrity, and improved mitochondrial respiratory efficiency without increasing oxidative stress. Expression of antioxidant enzymes was decreased in the VD and EXVD groups, indicating improved redox balance.
conclusionTreadmill exercise and vitamin D injections confer neuroprotective effects in nonpathological mice by enhancing cognition, reducing neuroinflammation, and improving both BBB integrity and mitochondrial function. These findings highlight the potential of nonpharmacological strategies to support brain health even in the absence of disease.
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Registered trials
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