Observational studyBMC nephrology2025
Association of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio and long-term outcome among women with coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: filling gaps in female.
Observational study in BMC nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Clinic Value of Blood Urea to Creatinine Ratio in Heart Failure Patients: A Systematic Review.Clinical cardiology · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio (BUN/Cr) has been associated with poorer outcomes in various cardiovascular diseases, including acute and chronic heart failure (HF). However, its significance in female patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains largely unexplored.
methodsWe utilized data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The primary outcome was long-term mortality at one, two, three, four, and five years post-surgery. The relationship between BUN/Cr and the risk of long-term mortality in patients with CABG was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards and restricted cubic spline models. Subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate the prognostic value of BUN/Cr across different patient subgroups.
resultsThe study included 1,358 participants with a mean age of 70.9 years (range: 60.9-80.8) and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 30.8 kg/m² (range: 24-37.6). A one unit increase in BUN/Cr was associated with lower one-year mortality after adjusting for all covariates (hazard ratio (HR) 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.98). Participants in the lowest BUN/Cr category (Q1, ≤ 15) exhibited a significantly higher risk of mortality (HR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.36-5.27, p = 0.004) compared to the reference group (Q4). Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed an L-shaped relationship between BUN/Cr levels and long-term mortality, with an inflection point at 17.308. Stratified and sensitivity analyses further supported these findings.
conclusionsThese results suggest an L-shaped association between BUN/Cr and long-term mortality among female patients undergoing CABG, which will provide a unique perspective for clinical management of the special group of women undergoing CABG.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.