ArticleNature reviews. Immunology2025
Fifty years of monoclonals: the past, present and future of antibody therapeutics.
Article in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed.
- Targeting a conserved flagellin D1 epitope with 16G10 confers cross-serotype protection in murineHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Review
- Once yearly cell-based therapy for sustained and dose-tunable delivery of monoclonal antibodies.Science advances · 2026Article
- A landscape of sequence variants in 51 commercial antibody therapeutics.Antibody therapeutics · 2026Article
- Receptor-Triggered Peptide Self-Assembly Enables Multivalent Recruitment of Endogenous Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Nucleic acid aptamers: new methods for selection, target validation, molecular diagnostics and therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Rapid Generation of High-Affinity Rabbit Anti-Mouse IgG Monoclonal Antibodies by High-Throughput Single-B-Cell Sorting and Recombinant Expression.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Engineering Antibodies into Targeted Chimeras: From Recognition Modules to Programmable Degraders.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Nanobodies Open New Avenues in Cancer Treatment: From Molecular Engineering to Therapeutic Platforms.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Realizing the potential of agonistic antibody immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- A Festschrift Celebrating Dr. Dimiter Stanchev Dimitrov: Antibodies, Innovation, and Impact on Infectious Disease and Cancer Research.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Rapid purity and charge-variant analysis of bispecific antibodies using microfluidic capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- EscaPRRS-ORF5: a structure-aware evolutionary framework for prioritizing immune escape-prone variants in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Unleashing innovative cross-organ fibrosis therapies by harnessing the omics revolution.JCI insight · 2026Review
- Antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates: design principles, intracellular delivery, and translational opportunities.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Benchmarking AlphaFold and related deep learning approaches for modeling antibody and TCR antigen recognition.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A Biomedical Researcher's Guide for Analyzing Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Genotypes of Human Cell Lines and in Vitro Tissue Samples Using Three Standard Authentication Algorithms.Current protocols · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 1975, Köhler and Milstein invented hybridoma technology for the generation of murine monoclonal antibodies with predetermined antigen-binding specificity. The transformative impact of monoclonal antibodies is demonstrated by their ubiquitous use as biomedical research reagents and the worldwide approval of at least 212 antibody therapeutics with tens of millions of patients treated to date. Advances in antibody technologies, such as humanization and robust methods for human antibody generation, mitigated the major limitations of murine antibodies as therapeutics. These technologies, combined with progress in biomanufacturing, helped to launch this modern era of antibody therapeutics. Beyond IgG, antibody therapeutics have blossomed into multiple alternative formats, including bispecific antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates. Additionally, antibody fragments have been developed as stand-alone therapeutics and to target cell therapies, notably chimeric antigen receptor T cells. These advances in antibody technologies, plus innovation enabling subcutaneous delivery, have improved the therapeutic benefits and convenience of antibody treatment for many patients. This concept is illustrated here by multiple generations of antibody therapeutics for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)
Indexed as
Identifiers
40775487What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.