Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40774979›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Evidence of neolithic cannibalism among farming communities at El Mirador cave, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain.

Palmira Saladié, Francesc Marginedas, Juan Ignacio Morales, Josep María Vergès, Ethel Allué, Isabel Expósito, Marina Lozano, Patricia Martín, Javier Iglesias-Bexiga, Marta Fontanals and 4 more

Abstract readHistorical Article
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Palmira SaladiéCatalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Building W3), Tarragona, 43007, Spain. psaladie@iphes.com.
Francesc MarginedasCatalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Building W3), Tarragona, 43007, Spain. francescm63@gmail.com.
Juan Ignacio MoralesCatalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Building W3), Tarragona, 43007, Spain.
Josep María VergèsCatalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Building W3), Tarragona, 43007, Spain.
Ethel AlluéCatalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Building W3), Tarragona, 43007, Spain.
Isabel ExpósitoCatalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Building W3), Tarragona, 43007, Spain.
Marina LozanoCatalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Building W3), Tarragona, 43007, Spain.
Patricia MartínCatalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Building W3), Tarragona, 43007, Spain.
Javier Iglesias-BexigaDepartment of Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 1 Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28-049, Spain.
Marta FontanalsCatalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Building W3), Tarragona, 43007, Spain.
Roser MarsalInstitute of Near Eastern Ancient Studies (IEPOA), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Research Module A (MRA), UAB Campus, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08028, Spain.
Raquel HernandoNational Center for Research on Human Evolution (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca, 3, Burgos, 09002, Spain.
Aitor Burguet-CocaCatalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Building W3), Tarragona, 43007, Spain.
Antonio Rodríguez-HidalgoCatalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Building W3), Tarragona, 43007, Spain. antonio.rodriguez@iam.csic.es.

Funding

Generalitat de Catalunya SGR2021-01237Generalitat de Catalunya SGR2021-01239Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades PID2021-122355NB-C32Universitat Rovira i Virgili 2022PFR-URV-64
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In El Mirador cave in Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain, a unique collection of human remains provides insights into cannibalistic practices from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. Six Early Bronze Age individuals (4600-4100 cal BP) showing signs of cannibalism were discovered in the early 2000s. Later excavations uncovered older remains with similar cultural modifications. A Bayesian statistical analysis of the radiocarbon dates identified a single earlier event (5709-5573 cal BP) unrelated to the Bronze Age finds. 87Sr/86Sr analysis showed the cannibalised people were of local origin. The episode coincided with the end of the Neolithic occupation, suggesting this was a not common behaviour among the cave inhabitants. Given the age of the cannibalised individuals and environmental conditions, the data does not indicate a response to famine. This study complements and expands upon our understanding of European prehistoric cannibalism. The current findings suggest that cannibalism may be linked to intergroup violence during late prehistoric periods.

Indexed as

CannibalismAgricultureArchaeologyBayes TheoremCavesHistory, AncientHumansRadiometric DatingSpain

Identifiers

PMID40774979
PMCPMC12331932

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.