Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40774350›Full record

ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2025

Dietary Macronutrient Composition and Protein Concentration for Weight Loss Maintenance.

Hanyue Zhang, Aikaterina Vasileiou, Dominique Searle, Sofus C Larsen, Alistair M Senior, Faidon Magkos, Leigh C Ward, Graham Horgan, Inês Santos, António L Palmeira and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Hanyue ZhangResearch Unit for Diet and Health, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1947-3310
Aikaterina VasileiouDepartment of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Dominique SearleCenter for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Sofus C LarsenResearch Unit for Diet and Health, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Alistair M SeniorCharles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Faidon MagkosDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Leigh C WardSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Graham HorganBiomathematics and Statistics Scotland, BioSS, Aberdeen, UK.
Inês SantosLaboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
António L PalmeiraCIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona & CIFI2D, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
Stephen J SimpsonCharles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0256-7687
David RaubenheimerCharles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
R James StubbsSchool of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Berit L HeitmannResearch Unit for Diet and Health, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark.

Funding

China Scholarship Council 202006380029The European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme 643309
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine the association between dietary macronutrient composition and 12-month weight loss maintenance (WLM) in adults who achieved initial weight loss (≥ 5%).

methodsThis prospective cohort analysis used 12-month follow-up data from the Navigating to a Healthy Weight trial. Macronutrient composition (%) was assessed using a 4-day, 24-h dietary recall. Food sources were categorized as discretionary foods, lean meat, vegetables, fruit, grains, and dairy. Primary outcomes included 12-month changes in body weight, fat mass index (FMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and hip-to-height ratio (HHtR). A nutritional geometry approach was used to examine individual and interactive associations of macronutrient intake, visualizing as response surfaces.

resultsAmong 1518 participants (69.8% women; mean age 45 ± 12 years), mean macronutrient composition was 20.6% protein, 33.8% fat, and 43.1% carbohydrate. Protein energy percentage was inversely associated with energy intake (β: -0.33; 95% CI: -0.39, -0.27). Response surfaces revealed that lower proportional energy from protein, diluted by high fat and/or carbohydrate, was associated with higher total energy intake and greater 12-month increases in body weight, WHtR, and HHtR, but not FMI. Consumption of discretionary food, not other food sources, increased energy intake by reducing proportional energy from protein.

conclusionsMaintaining dietary proportional energy from protein, particularly by limiting discretionary food consumption, was associated with reduced energy intake and improved WLM.

Indexed as

Body Weight MaintenanceDietDietary ProteinsNutrientsObesityWeight LossAdultBody Mass IndexDietary CarbohydratesDietary FatsEnergy IntakeFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesDietary CarbohydratesDietary FatsDietary ProteinsNutrientscohort studydietary proteinobesity preventionweight loss maintenance

Identifiers

PMID40774350
PMCPMC12477111

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.