ArticleNeuropsychobiology2025
The Risk of Depressive Symptoms according to the Dietary Intake of Vitamin C.
Article in Neuropsychobiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionIt has been hypothesized that vitamin C may have antidepressant effect through its antioxidant property. However, evidence is still scarce to ascertain the effect of dietary vitamin C on depressive symptoms.
methodsWe conducted 5.9 years (median) follow-up on 91,113 Koreans who responded to Food Frequency Questionnaire and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale as items of health check-up. They were categorized into four quartile groups based on dietary vitamin C intake and two groups based on the use of vitamin supplements. Incident depressive symptoms were determined by the identification of CES-D ≥16 for follow-up. Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for depressive symptoms (multivariable-adjusted HR [95% CI]) according to quartiles of dietary vitamin C intake. Subgroup analysis was conducted by sex and physical activity.
resultsIn the analysis of all participants, there was no significant association between dietary vitamin C intake quartile groups and the risk of depressive symptoms (quartile 1: reference, quartile 2: 1.01 [0.96-1.06], quartile 3: 0.99 [0.93-1.05], and quartile 4: 1.00 [0.93-1.08]). No significant association was identically observed in both men and women. Vitamin supplementation was associated with the slight increase in the risk for depressive symptoms in all participants (1.08 [1.04-1.12]), men (1.06 [1.01-1.12]), and women (1.10 [1.04-1.16]).
conclusionAn increase in dietary vitamin C intake and vitamin supplementation had no significant effect on reducing the risk of depressive symptoms.
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