ArticlePloS one2025
Effects of Er: YAG laser and acid etching on bond strength of clear aligner attachments to fluorotic enamel.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Effect of resin infiltration and Er: YAG laser on the shear bond strength between glass ceramics and white spot lesions: an in vitro study.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is a lack of research on the bonding ability of attachments to fluorosis enamel. This study evaluates Er: YAG laser-assisted acid etching as a potential optimization protocol.
methodsTwenty healthy teeth and ninety fluorotic teeth (Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index = 4) were divided into a control group (healthy enamel + acid etching) and a fluorotic group (acid etching 30/60/90 seconds vs. Er: YAG laser + acid etching). The enamel surface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, and the shear bond strength (SBS) of each group (n = 10/group) was tested.
resultsAttachments exhibited higher SBS than brackets (P < 0.01). Laser-acid etching enhanced SBS compared to acid etching alone (P < 0.01). Laser-treated surfaces exhibited predominantly mixed fracture and resin cohesion fractures, in contrast to adhesive interface fractures and mixed fractures in the acid-only groups.
conclusionEr: YAG laser (100mJ/30 Hz) with 60 seconds acid etching achieves excellent bonding for fluorotic enamel attachments, restoring adhesion to healthy enamel levels while preventing over-etching damage. This protocol shows clinical potential for bonding fluorotic enamel.
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