ArticlePloS one2025
Changes in the pulmonary surfactant in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Infection metallomics of pulmonary mucormycosis: multi-omics study of siderophore secretion, neutrophil recruitment, and lipid remodeling in rat lungs.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Welding Fumes and SARS-CoV-2: A Dangerous Combination.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Article
- Investigating the exhaled lipid biomarkers among e-cigarette users compared to non-smokers.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- Editorial: Lipid influence on lung immune-structural cell crosstalk: implications for respiratory health.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionChanges in the pulmonary surfactant have been seen in severe COVID-19, but data on mild to moderate COVID-19 is scarce. The aim of this study was to explore the protein and phospholipid profiles in the small airways in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19.
methods29 cases with COVID-19 and 17 healthy controls were examined at baseline. 22 cases were re-examined at follow-up after recovery from COVID-19. Airwave oscillometry was performed and the biological material from the respiratory tract lining fluid was collected with the PExA (Particles in Exhaled Air) method. SOMAscan was used for the analysis of proteins, and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for phospholipids.
results95 lipid species belonging to 8 lipid classes, and 46 proteins were analysed. Relative amounts of 13 lipid species differed between cases and controls at baseline, and of 24 lipid species at follow-up. At follow-up, the phosphatidylethanolamine class (PE) was significantly lower in cases at than in controls, and a significant decrease in PE, as well as a change in 20 lipid species from baseline to follow-up in cases was seen. The protein profile did not differ between cases and controls either at baseline or follow-up, or between repeated measurements in cases.
conclusionsThe observed alterations in the surfactant phospholipids in the RTLF indicate that surfactant homeostasis is affected already in mild to moderate COVID-19, and these changes appear to persist over time.
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