ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2025
Using the CARD system for university-based pop-up vaccination clinics: A two-stage hybrid effectiveness-implementation study.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Reducing distress during vaccine injections: 2026 clinical practice guideline update.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2026Guideline
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Procedural Interventions for Reducing Distress During Vaccine Injections.The Clinical journal of pain · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Process Interventions for Reducing Distress During Vaccine Injections.The Clinical journal of pain · 2026Pooled it
- CARD (Comfort Ask Relax Distract) and community pharmacy vaccinations: Evaluation of effectiveness outcomes from a cluster randomized trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
- CARD (Comfort Ask Relax Distract) and community pharmacy vaccinations: Evaluation of implementation outcomes from a cluster randomized trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
- Proposed Conceptual and Experience-Based Framework for Reaching an Optimal Vaccine Launch Strategy.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Effect of CARD (Comfort-Ask-Relax-Distract) on acceptance of school-based vaccinations: A controlled before and after study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Commentary: Improving the vaccination experience for children and adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Playing CARD (Comfort Ask Relax Distract): Upping our game on the quality of vaccine delivery.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Development and refinement of an online CARD (Comfort Ask Relax Distract) course for organizations and providers delivering vaccinations and other needle procedures.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mass vaccination clinics efficiently vaccinate large numbers of people. The CARD system (Comfort, Ask, Relax, Distract) is a vaccination delivery framework that can improve the experiences of vaccine recipients and providers. This two-stage hybrid effectiveness-implementation study implemented and sustained CARD in university-based vaccination clinics involving pharmacy student vaccinators. Stage 1 was a before-and-after study conducted across four COVID-19 vaccination clinics in November-December, 2022. Stage 2 was a single cohort study whereby CARD was sustained across four COVID-19/influenza vaccination clinics in November, 2023. In both stages, vaccine recipients rated experiences relative to last vaccination (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.