ArticleJournal of epidemiology and global health2025
Immunization Coverage and Barriers among Hajj and Umrah Pilgrims: Insights into Vaccine Uptake and Compliance.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- GPCR-Driven Muscarinic M1 and Histamine H1 Receptor Signaling Converging on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway: Functional Integration in Neuroinflammation and Myelin Repair in Multiple Sclerosis.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Mass Gatherings as Amplifiers of Meningococcal Disease: A Modeling Study of Hajj and Umrah.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Vaccination Adherence and Barriers Among Non-healthcare Workers and Volunteers During the Hajj.Cureus · 2026Article
- A Review of Yellow Fever: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, Prevention, and Prognosis.Cureus · 2026Review
- Health Equity Barriers to Accessing Vaccination and Screening Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2026Review
- The Return of MenW: Religious Mass Gatherings as Global Catalysts for Meningococcal Spread.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Article
- Respiratory symptom burden, vaccination coverage, and preventive health practices among Sudanese Hajj pilgrims who traveled by sea.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Hajj pilgrimage poses significant public health challenges due to the risk of infectious disease transmission. Despite mandatory vaccination policies, barriers such as hesitancy, logistical issues, and vaccine availability persist.
objectiveThis study assesses vaccine uptake, reasons for compliance or non-compliance, and barriers among Hajj pilgrims.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted during the 2024 Hajj season, with data collected via structured interviews from 5,355 participants. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyzed vaccination status and influencing factors.
resultsOf the participants, 4298 (80.3%) reported receiving mandatory or recommended vaccines, including influenza, COVID-19, and meningococcal. Primary motivators for vaccination were compliance to mandatory requirements 2240 (52.1%) and healthcare provider recommendations 2018 (46.9%). Among non-vaccinated respondents, the main reasons included belief in vaccine ineffectiveness 250(23.7%), reliance on natural immunity 243(23%), and lack of awareness 174(16.5%). Common barriers included long wait times 721(13.5%) and limited access to vaccination centers 543(10.1%). Women and individuals with higher education demonstrated greater vaccine uptake, while logistical barriers were more prevalent among self-employed and less-educated participants.
conclusionDespite high vaccine uptake, barriers remain. Addressing hesitancy, improving access, and aligning vaccine availability with Hajj timing are essential to enhance coverage and reduce disease transmission risks. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.