SynthesisJournal of neurology2025
Characteristics of MRI lesions in AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD, MOGAD, and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence of Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome in Patients with Cerebellar Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Use of MRI in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease - MAGNIMS consensus recommendations.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Area postrema syndrome and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis masquerading as leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Review
- From the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial to Antibody-Mediated Optic Neuritis: Four Decades of Progress and Unanswered Questions.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- When headache meets visual disturbance: An evidence-based review of common and critical entities.Science progressReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesMultiple sclerosis (MS), aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-Ab + ve NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (MOGAD) are demyelinating diseases with differing pathophysiological processes and treatments. The objective of this study was to compile a comprehensive list of MRI lesions, and to quantify the utility of these lesions in distinguishing between these conditions.
methodsWe searched for articles comparing MRI lesion frequency in MS, AQP4-Ab + ve NMOSD, MOGAD and healthy controls. Bayesian network meta-analysis together with pairwise and pooled case-case comparison analyses to develop sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values were undertaken.
resultsSixty-six articles were reported on 2933 MS, 3296 AQP4-Ab + ve NMOSD, and 1559 MOGAD cases, and 561 healthy controls. MRI lesions associated with MS were: periventricular T2, subcortical white matter T2, Dawson's finger, U-fibre T2 lesion, posterior spinal column T2, inferior temporal T2, cortical T2, brain T1 hypointensity (black holes), peripheral spinal cord T2, pons T2, unilateral optic nerve T2 and brain gadolinium enhancing lesions. Optic chiasm T2, LETM, bright spotty spinal cord T2, area postrema T2, hypothalamic T2, spinal cord atrophy and optic tract T2 lesions were associated with AQP4-Ab + ve NMOSD. Conus medullaris T2, fluffy, perineural enhancement, peri-ependymal 3rd ventricle T2 and peri-ependymal 4th ventricle T2 lesions were associated with MOGAD. DISCUSSION: This review identified MRI features supportive of a diagnosis of MS, NMOSD or MOGAD, and has clarified the diagnostic utility of various MRI lesion characteristics, to aid in future clinical decision-making and guide future approaches to research.
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Registered trials
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