ArticleActa neurochirurgica2025
The burden of somatic comorbidities in patients surviving a traumatic brain injury.
Article in Acta neurochirurgica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe long-term development of somatic comorbidities in patients surviving a traumatic brain injury (TBI) may contribute to both the individual and public health burden; however, a systematic investigation has not yet been undertaken.
methodsWe investigated the long-term burden of somatic comorbidities in patients surviving a TBI. We included all Danish residents (≥ 18.0 years) who were hospitalized with a TBI between 1994 and 2018 and survived beyond discharge (n = 153,177). TBIs were defined within a selected list of ICD-10 codes. Each TBI patient was age-matched to five non-TBI Controls ("Controls", n = 752,224). The following age groups were considered: 18.0-39.9, 40.0-69.9, and ≥ 70.0. Within each age group, we analyzed (1) TBI patients vs Controls and (2) subsequently categorized patients based on their length of stay (LOS) to better capture that patients with more severe injuries stay longer in the hospital (vs Controls). Somatic comorbidities within the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) were considered. Adjusted odds ratios for developing cerebrovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease were obtained using binomial regression. Using all CCI conditions, we employed a recurrent event regression weighted by the corresponding CCI scores to estimate the adjusted mean cumulative CCI score since index.
resultsThe landscape of CCI conditions shifts in TBI survivors and is predominated by a higher long-term odds ratio of developing cerebrovascular disease, especially non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), even 10 years post-index; the risk is correlated with LOS. Cancer risk is significantly lower in TBI survivors. Irrespective of age group, the mean cumulative CCI score is significantly higher in TBI survivors.
conclusionThe indirect consequences of surviving a TBI extend far beyond the immediate post-index period by exacerbating functional decline in survivors through the compounding effect of somatic comorbidities that cumulatively affect the capacity to function physically, cognitively, or socially. TBI emerge as an independent risk factor for developing ICH.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.