Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40772820›Full record

ReviewPathogens and global health2025

Influenza strains in focus: global approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and control of H1N1, H3N2, H7N9, and H9N2.

Amandeep Singh, Prabhjot Kaur, Manish Kumar, Rohit Bhatia, Sheeba Shafi, Prabhat Kumar Upadhyay, Ashish Gaur, Abhishek Tiwari, Varsha Tiwari

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pathogens and global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Amandeep SinghDepartment of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India.ORCID 0000-0003-1994-1487
Prabhjot KaurDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
Manish KumarDepartment of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India.
Rohit BhatiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India.
Sheeba ShafiDepartment of Nursing, College of Applied medical sciences, King Faisal university, Al- Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Prabhat Kumar UpadhyayInstitute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India.
Ashish GaurDepartment of Biosciences, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, India.
Abhishek TiwariDepartment of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Academy, IFTM University, Moradabad, India.
Varsha TiwariDepartment of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Academy, IFTM University, Moradabad, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Influenza virus and its various strains are a significant risk for the global health; influenza and its various strains have caused various periodic outbreaks and pandemics. As we delve into this review, it studies the history and the threat possessed by the four prominent strains of influenza H1N1, H3N2, H7N9, and H9N2. It also examines some of recent and notable outbreaks posed by these influenza strains. In 2009, the H1N1 pandemic was originated in the swine and was spread worldwide rapidly. This outbreak highlighted the gaps in the preparations and response in global healthcare system. The other strain H3N2 with a long history of frequent outbreaks distresses the public health and the health care sectors due to its evolution and the ability to adapt. In 2013 China, a novel strain was identified with a high mortality rate and the potential for human-to-human transmission remains a concern to the public health. Another strain H9N2 though less infectious is being monitored for its ability to cause pandemics in the future, and its distinct genetic makeup and sporadic human infections are causes for worry. This review outlines their differences and similarities, the importance of vigilant surveillance, effective treatment strategies, and the preparedness measures to mitigate any future influenza outbreaks.

Indexed as

Influenza, HumanAnimalsAntiviral AgentsDisease OutbreaksGlobal HealthHumansInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeInfluenza A Virus, H3N2 SubtypeInfluenza A Virus, H7N9 SubtypeInfluenza A Virus, H9N2 SubtypeAntiviral AgentsH1N1H3N2H7N9H9N2Influenzapandemic

Identifiers

PMID40772820
PMCPMC12459171

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.