ArticleACS nano2025
Chemically Generated Liquid Sulfur Droplets at Room and Subzero Temperatures.
Article in ACS nano, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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Abstract
The liquid phase of sulfur has been observed at room temperature, resulting from the electrochemical oxidation of polysulfides, a process occurring on the electrodes and influenced by the electrode materials. However, such electrode-dependent behavior of liquid sulfur has constrained its use in battery applications, driving research for alternative processes. This paper introduces an approach to generating liquid sulfur at both room and subzero temperatures through chemical reactions independent of the substrate material. We demonstrate that using a redox mediator, polysulfides can be chemically oxidized into liquid sulfur droplets in the electrolyte close to but away from the electrode. This pathway can generate liquid sulfur at room and subzero temperatures of -15 °C, 130 °C below sulfur's melting temperature (115 °C). The chemically generated liquid sulfur further enriches the lithium-sulfur-electrolyte material systems, potentially creating opportunities for high-energy lithium-sulfur and other metal-sulfur batteries.
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