ArticleJournal of medical virology2025
Atypical Influenza A(H3N2) Activity Patterns in Germany, 2021-2023, and Characterization of Newly Emerged Virus Clades.
Article in Journal of medical virology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Influenza-related Deaths in Young Children: Observations From a German Case Series.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Temporal association between influenza A and B positivity and fever-clinic visit burden in Shanghai, China, 2022-2025: a retrospective time-series study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic were accompanied by an unprecedented decrease of influenza activity which persisted throughout the 2020/21 and 2021/22 winter seasons. Here, we report on the unusual influenza circulation patterns that followed in the year 2022, which was dominated throughout by A(H3N2) influenza viruses. After a delayed spring wave in 2022, A(H3N2) influenza viruses circulated at low levels throughout the summer and rose to a prominent, prematurely-timed fall/winter wave peaking in December, with highest positivity rates observed in 10-12-years old children. This winter wave ended abruptly with the national school holidays, when positivity rates decreased sharply not only in children but also in other age groups. Genetic analysis of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) showed cocirculation of 10 A(H3N2) clades, of which three (2a.1b, 2a.3a.1, and 2b) became dominant in late 2022. All A(H3N2) viruses, including those assigned to the new clades, displayed high titers in HA inhibition tests with postinfection ferret antiserum raised against the A(H3N2) vaccine strains A/Cambodia/e0826360/2020 and A/Darwin/9/2021. All viruses were susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors and the polymerase inhibitor baloxavir marboxil, but carried the M2-S31N substitution conferring adamantane resistance. Our findings shed light on disturbed seasonality of A(H3N2) circulation in the post-COVID-19 era.
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Registered trials
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