Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40771510›Full record

ArticleBMJ nutrition, prevention & health2025

Associations of serum choline, betaine and trimethylamine N-oxide with gestational diabetes mellitus among Chinese pregnant women.

Gunjana Saikia, Xiaoxi Shen, Yuhong Liu, Kefeng Yang, Hui Wu, Lingpeng Lu, J Lauren Butler, Cassandra M Johnson, Geer Lou, Shiyin Wu and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ nutrition, prevention & health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Gunjana SaikiaNutrition and Foods Program, Texas State University School of Family and Consumer Sciences, San Marcos, Texas, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2875-5474
Xiaoxi ShenDepartment of Mathematics, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA.
Yuhong LiuDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Kefeng YangDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Jiaotong University, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
Hui WuDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Lingpeng LuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
J Lauren ButlerDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida Brooks College of Health, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
Cassandra M JohnsonNutrition and Foods Program, Texas State University School of Family and Consumer Sciences, San Marcos, Texas, USA.
Geer LouShanghai Biotree Biotech, Shanghai, China.
Shiyin WuDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Jiaotong University, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
Meiqin CaiDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Jiaotong University, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
Liang WangDepartment of Public Health, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA.
Jie JiaDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Jiaotong University, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
Jie ZhuNutrition and Foods Program, Texas State University School of Family and Consumer Sciences, San Marcos, Texas, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Mechanistic studies indicated beneficial effects of choline and betaine on glucose homeostasis during pregnancy. However, limited human studies explored the associations of biomarkers of choline and its related metabolites with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and results remained inconsistent. This study aimed to explore associations of serum choline, betaine and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) with GDM odds among Han Chinese women. Research design and methods: Pregnant women with singleton gestation were enrolled during GDM screening between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation at the Seventh People's Hospital in Shanghai, China. Women with GDM cases (n=173) and non-GDM controls (healthy women without pregnancy-related complications, n=158) were enrolled. Serum metabolites were measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-tandem mass spectrometry method. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate ORs and their 95% CIs for the associations of these three metabolites with likelihood of GDM. Results: Compared with the lowest tertile of serum choline and betaine, women in the highest tertile had a multivariate-adjusted OR (95% CI) for GDM odds of 0.55 (0.30, 1.00) and 0.55 (0.30, 1.00), respectively. No significant association was found between serum TMAO and GDM odds. In addition, the stratified analysis results showed that among women with abnormal weight gain during pregnancy, there was a significant inverse association between serum betaine and GDM odds [OR (95% CI), 0.26 (0.13, 0.57)]. Conclusion: Serum choline and betaine, but not TMAO, tend to be inversely associated with GDM odds among Han Chinese women with singleton gestation. Especially among those women with abnormal weight gain during pregnancy, higher serum betaine was associated with lower GDM likelihood.

Indexed as

Gestational diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40771510
PMCPMC12322560

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.