Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40771032›Full record

ArticleNano letters2025

Reconfigurable Integrated High-Speed Thermal Metamaterial Pixel Arrays.

Yibai Zhong, Xiu Liu, Zexiao Wang, Tianyi Huang, Jingyi Zou, Sen Lin, Xiao Luo, Zhuo Li, Rui Cheng, Xu Zhang and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nano letters, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Yibai ZhongDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
Xiu LiuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.ORCID 0009-0000-1802-691X
Zexiao WangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2170-6112
Tianyi HuangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
Jingyi ZouDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
Sen LinDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
Xiao LuoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
Zhuo LiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
Rui ChengDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
Xu ZhangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
Sheng ShenDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9951-0814

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Thermal signatures carry unique infrared appearances and spectral fingerprints of objects, but controlling them across spatial, temporal, and spectral domains remains challenging due to thermal emission's slow, diffuse, and broadband emitting nature. We demonstrate a reconfigurable ultrafast thermal metamaterial pixel array integrating active metasurfaces with dual-gate graphene transistors (Gr-FETs). Each pixel's Gr-FETs provide heater-switch dual functionalities: one as a broadband transparent microheater supporting arbitrary metasurface designs for multicolor, narrowband infrared emission with ultrafast modulation speed of minimum 187 kHz, and the other as an electrical switch enabling unified array control without compromising emission intensity. Decoupling thermal generation and emission design processes, our approach provides unprecedented programming flexibility across space, time, and wavelength. Our fabricated array experimentally demonstrated 26 alphabetical letters through progressive scanning, paving the way for universal thermal signature control in advanced thermal-infrared applications.

Indexed as

metamaterial pixelsthermal emissionthermal signatures

Identifiers

PMID40771032
PMCPMC12371864

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.