SynthesisAnnals of medicine2025
Delirium in tetanus patients: a review of clinical features, pathophysiology, and integrated management strategies.
Synthesis in Annals of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTetanus remains a significant public health concern in resource-limited settings, with high mortality rates despite advances in critical care. The symptoms associated with tetanus are all triggers for delirium, and delirium exacerbates morbidity and complicates management in tetanus patients. Current research on tetanus-associated delirium is limited to extremely scarce case reports, which fail to provide sufficient evidence-based guidance for the clinical management of patients with tetanus-related delirium. Our review briefly introduced tetanus-related delirium of symptoms and features, pathophysiology, risk factors, early recognition and treatment strategies.
methodsA systematic search was conducted in multiple databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, for literature published within the past six decades. Search terms included 'Tetanus, Delirium, Symptoms and Features, Early Recognition, Treatment', etc. Inclusion criteria included original research articles, review papers and case reports that provided relevant information on the topic. Exclusion criteria were non-relevant studies, duplicates and articles with insufficient data.
resultsSystematic analysis elucidated tetanus-related delirium in terms of symptoms and features, pathophysiology, risk factors, early recognition. Comprehensive management protocols should integrate strategies for neurotoxin clearance, autonomic modulation, and spasm control through pharmacological and rehabilitative interventions.
conclusionCurrent research on tetanus-related delirium, encompassing symptomatology, pathophysiology, risk stratification, early recognition, and therapeutic interventions, remains insufficient. Large-scale prospective studies are essential to validate proposed management algorithms and refine evidence-based treatment protocols. Advancing this understanding is crucial for enhancing clinical outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.
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