ArticleBMC oral health2025
Temporal trends in cross-country inequalities of permanent caries burden from 1990 to 2021: a secondary analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021.
Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Long-term trends of laryngeal cancer incidence and mortality in China from 2004 to 2019 by region: age-period-cohort analysis and 15-years projections to 2034.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Global burden and trends of oral disorders in adults aged 60 + (1990-2021) with projections to 2040.BMC oral health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the changes in cross-national disparities in the burden of Permanent caries (PC) from 1990 to 2021.
methodsWe extracted the annual incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs), including their estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs), categorized by year, age, geographical region, and socio-demographic index (SDI) from the Global Burden of Disease 2021. Correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships among age-standardized rates (ASRs) of incidence, YLDs, and SDI. To assess the distributional inequalities in the burden of PC, we employed both the slope index of inequality (SII) and the concentration index. Furthermore, a frontier analysis was conducted to identify areas needing improvement and to investigate disparities among countries based on their development levels.
resultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of PC globally showed an upward trend with an estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of 0.23% (0.20 to 0.26). In contrast, the age-standardized YLDs for PC remained stable with a corresponding EAPC of -0.03% (-0.08 to 0.02). The SDI was positively correlated with ASIR, while it was negatively correlated with ASR of YLDs. The SII decreased from 9.51 in 1990 to 7.30 and the concentration index increased from 0.04 in 1990 to 0.08 in 2021 for PC. Regardless of their development levels, numerous countries possess substantial potential for decreasing the burden associated with PC.
conclusionAlthough the ASIR of global PC showed an upward trend from 1990 to 2021, the ASR of YLDs displayed a stable trend, with a more pronounced decrease in high and high-middle SDI regions. This study highlights a persistent, though gradually narrowing, inequality in the global burden of PC over the past 32 years.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.