Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40770629›Full record

SynthesisBMC public health2025

Association between ambient air pollution and risk of hand, foot, and mouth disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Quanman Hu, Fei Zhao, Yanyan Yang, Saiwei Lu, Yaqi Xie, Juan Geng, Haiyan Yang, Jinzhao Long, Yuefei Jin, Shuaiyin Chen and 1 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Quanman HuCollege of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
Fei ZhaoCollege of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
Yanyan YangDisease control and prevention center, Xinyang, 463600, China.
Saiwei LuCollege of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
Yaqi XieCollege of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
Juan GengCollege of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
Haiyan YangCollege of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
Jinzhao LongCollege of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
Yuefei JinCollege of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
Shuaiyin ChenCollege of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. sychen@zzu.edu.cn.
Guangcai DuanCollege of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.

Funding

Henan Province Science and Technology Research Project 242102311147National Natural Science Foundation of China 82002147National Natural Science Foundation of China 82073618National Natural Science Foundation of China 82273695
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPrevious studies examining the relationship between air pollution and the incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) have been inconsistent. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify this issue and offer insights into identifying high-risk factors.

methodsA comprehensive search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science,, Embase and Scopus for published literature up to 12 May 2025. The cumulative relative risk and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the association between different pollutants, including particulate matter(PM)10, PM2.5, Nitrogen dioxide(NO

resultsAfter conducting a comprehensive literature search strategy and rigorous screening process, a total of 17 relevant records were included in this study. The findings revealed significant associations between high concentrations of air pollutants, including PM10 (RR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.04-1.29; I

conclusionOur findings demonstrate that various high-concentration air pollutants are associated with an increased risk of HFMD. It is recommended that government departments implement comprehensive strategies to mitigate air pollution, thereby reducing the prevalence of HFMD. Furthermore, during periods of high air pollution, targeted preventive measures should be adopted, such as minimizing children's outdoor activities.

Indexed as

Air PollutantsAir PollutionEnvironmental ExposureHand, Foot and Mouth DiseaseHumansIncidenceParticulate MatterRisk FactorsAir PollutantsParticulate MatterAccumulated relative riskAir pollutionHand, foot, and mouth diseaseMeta-analysis

Identifiers

PMID40770629
PMCPMC12326836

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.