Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40770503›Full record

ArticleNature biomedical engineering2026

Thermoreversibly assembled polymersomes for highly efficient loading, processing and delivery of protein and siRNA biologics.

Samir Hossainy, Seounghun Kang, J Emiliano Gómez Medellín, Aaron T Alpar, Kirsten C Refvik, Yvonne Yoyo Ma, Ivan Vuong, Kevin Chang, Thomas Wang, Ani Solanki and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Samir HossainyPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Seounghun KangPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-2492-2995
J Emiliano Gómez MedellínPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0963-4678
Aaron T AlparPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4669-4813
Kirsten C RefvikPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-0585-5827
Yvonne Yoyo MaPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Ivan VuongPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3946-4772
Kevin ChangPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6895-8950
Thomas WangPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-5831-272X
Ani SolankiPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7190-7852
Stuart J RowanPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. stuartrowan@uchicago.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8176-0594
Jeffrey A HubbellPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. j.hubbell@nyu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-5456

Funding

Discovery of adjuvants via novel modulation of innate immune pathways for vaccines against influenza75N93019C00041 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI ESSER-KAHN, AARON · 2019 to 2024
$10.0M
Medical Scientist National Research Service AwardT32GM150375 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI Raghavendra G Mirmira · 2023 to 2026
$5.5M
NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM150375NIH HHS 75N93019C00041
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Versatile technologies that can deliver both RNA and protein payloads could streamline development, simplify manufacturing and expand the capabilities of combination therapies. Here we demonstrate an efficient approach to forming ca. 100 nm polymer vesicles (polymersomes) capable of rapid self-assembly without organic solvents, avoiding the need for post-encapsulation purification. Block copolymers are designed with a lower critical solution temperature that renders them soluble in aqueous medium under standard refrigeration, but they spontaneously assemble at room temperature into large batches of nanoparticles with predictable size and morphology. The nanomaterials are designed with charged and biofunctional moieties to drive payload affinity and in vivo targeting, while both siRNA and proteins can be encapsulated during warming at >75% loading efficiencies. Formulations can be stored in a dry state for greater hydrolytic stability under standard refrigeration and can be diluted directly from the vial, bypassing the need for purification required for high scalability. We use our system for in vivo delivery in protein subunit vaccination, immune tolerance induction and siRNA interference therapy in cancer.

Indexed as

Biological ProductsDrug Delivery SystemsPolymersProteinsRNA, Small InterferingAnimalsHumansMiceNanoparticlesTemperatureBiological ProductsPolymersProteinsRNA, Small Interfering

Identifiers

PMID40770503
PMCPMC12573146

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.