Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40770201›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

A unifying theory of aging and mortality.

Valentin Flietner, Bernd Heidergott, Frank den Hollander, Ines Lindner, Azadeh Parvaneh, Holger Strulik

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The rhythm of aging: Stability and drift in the individual rate of senescence.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Valentin FlietnerPwC, Bernhard-Wicki-Strasse 8, 80636, Munich, Germany.
Bernd HeidergottDepartment of Operations Analytics, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Frank den HollanderLeiden University, Mathematical Institute, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Ines LindnerDepartment of Economics, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Azadeh ParvanehLeiden University, Mathematical Institute, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Holger StrulikDepartment of Economics, University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 3, 37073, Göttingen, Germany. holger.strulik@wiwi.uni-goettingen.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this paper, we advance the network theory of aging and mortality by developing a causal mathematical model for the mortality rate. First, we show that in large networks, where health deficits accumulate at nodes representing health indicators, the modelling of network evolution with Poisson processes is universal and can be derived from fundamental principles. Second, with the help of two simplifying approximations, which we refer to as mean-field assumption and homogeneity assumption, we provide an analytical derivation of Gompertz law under generic and biologically relevant conditions. Third, we identify for which network parameters Gompertz law is accurate, express the parameters in Gompertz law as a function of the network parameters, and illustrate our computations with simulations and analytic approximations. Our paper is the first to offer a full mathematical explanation of Gompertz law and its limitations based on network theory.

Indexed as

AgingModels, TheoreticalMortalityComputer SimulationHumans

Identifiers

PMID40770201
PMCPMC12328599

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.