Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40770186›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Anti-radar based on metasurface.

Zongzheng Sun, Lei Zhang, Xiao Qing Chen, Hong Xu, Guoyao Xiao, Yi Ning Zheng, Yaojun Wu, Zhixing Liu, Haosheng Fu, Xiaoyang Zhou and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Metasurface-Enabled Active-Like Passive Radar.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Zongzheng SunSchool of Information Mechanics and Sensing Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-3816-3131
Lei ZhangInstitute of Electromagnetic Space and State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China. lzseu@seu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-6374
Xiao Qing ChenInstitute of Electromagnetic Space and State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4574-8376
Hong XuHangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou, China.
Guoyao XiaoSchool of Information Mechanics and Sensing Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.
Yi Ning ZhengInstitute of Electromagnetic Space and State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Yaojun WuSchool of Information Mechanics and Sensing Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.
Zhixing LiuSchool of Information Mechanics and Sensing Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.
Haosheng FuHangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou, China.
Xiaoyang ZhouInstitute of Electromagnetic Space and State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Zhanye ChenInstitute of Electromagnetic Space and State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Hui ChenInstitute of Electromagnetic Space and State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Yinghui QuanSchool of Information Mechanics and Sensing Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China. yhquan@mail.xidian.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6541-9441
Tie Jun CuiInstitute of Electromagnetic Space and State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, China. tjcui@seu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5862-1497

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 62101123National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 62331019
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In advanced multi-static radar (MSR), multidimensional information from target echo signals is collected by different receivers to enable precise localization using various algorithms. Owing to its efficient target localization and tracking capability, MSR has found wide applications in sensing, military operations, aviation, and aerospace. Multi-static nature of MSR also makes it difficult to counter. Here, we propose an anti-radar methodology based on space-time-coding metasurface (STCM) to counter MSR. By designing the physical characteristics of STCM and developing adaptive and robust electronic countermeasure (ECM) control strategies, we realize a cost-effective, miniaturized and low-complexity ECM system with the flexible controlling capabilities. Under non-cooperative and dynamic ECM scenarios, the proposed method shows exceptional concealment and deception performance. To validate the methodology, we develop a prototype of the STCM-based anti-MSR system and successfully demonstrate its ability to neutralize various MSR technologies. The proposed method is expected to find practical applications in the anti-MSR scenarios.

Identifiers

PMID40770186
PMCPMC12328761

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.