ArticleDiscover oncology2025
Promoter methylation correlates with reduced SMAD4 expression in patients with breast cancer.
Article in Discover oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Suppression of TRIM33 and SMAD4 Indicates a Possible Tumor-Suppressive Role in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Clinical impact of the methylation status of SMAD4 and AKR1B1 genes in a liquid biopsy sample as a prognostic marker for breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Arsenic induced Hippo pathway dysregulation linked to hTERT hypo-methylation in breast cancer patients.Frontiers in epigenetics and epigenomics · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeOver the past decades, there is a dramatic rise in the mortality and incidence rates of breast cancer globally, despite the progressive advancement of therapeutic options. Late detection of breast cancer is often the main culprit for the ineffective treatment, and death in patients. Finding breast cancer biomarkers is thus of significant importance. Epigenetic modifications are associated with up and down regulation of important biomarker in the TGF-β pathway, such as SMAD4, which may have a greater impact in the growth and poor prognosis in breast cancer. In the current investigation we are going to check how SMAD4 regulate in various Breast cancer patients? And how its epigenetic modifications play crucial role in disease prognosis?
methodsTwenty eight samples of patients with proven breast cancer and the adjacent normal tissue from the same patients were analyzed for SMAD4 expression using real-time PCR and Western blot. Additionally, MS-PCR was employed to detect the epigenetic and genetic alterations.
resultSMAD4 expression dropped from Grade 1 to Grade 3 breast cancer both at mRNA and protein level as justified by real time PCR as well as western blot. This down regulation of SMAD4 expression is due to its promoter methylation, which may be a major contributing reason to the dysregulated production of SMAD4 in instances of breast cancer.
conclusionAccording to these findings, SMAD4 status assessment in breast cancer, fine-needle biopsy specimens may offer further prognostic data. Worse prognosis was linked to reduced SMAD4 expression due to promoter methylation in Breast cancer.
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